A bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature on Fairtrade labelling

Since its foundation, the Fairtrade movement has attracted the attention of consumers, practitioners, media and scholars. Discussing the role that Fairtrade can play on a global yet locally rooted scale is very complex, as research reports contrasting results about its usefulness and effectiveness. This study examines scientific research on Fairtrade over the last decades by conducting a bibliometric analysis of the literature published on the ISI Web of Knowledge Core Collection, which included 876 papers by 1,293 authors in 432 journals. Results show that despite this being a relatively recent field of study, Fairtrade has been approached from different disciplines with different methodologies and objectives. The structured quantitative study of the literature enabled us to inspect how research has evolved over the years in the light of the changes faced by Fairtrade, to explore its scope in the broader field of the global market, to detect current research schools and perspectives within the network and to identify hitherto unaddressed issues and unconnected subfields.     

Collective Action and the Institutionalist Approach to Financial Regulation

Drawing on the institutionalist approach to a capitalist economy as a money economy, I regard financial regulation and supervision as a collective action problem. I argue that, given the basic characteristics of such an economy, a financial system may be considered as a public utility and financial stability as a public good. I then maintain that the provision of the latter could not rely on private market mechanisms, such as self-regulation and price-directed incentives. As capitalism develops through more financialized forms, new institutions and regulatory rules must be designed to reframe the market’s boundaries in order to consolidate systemic stability, which is a basic condition for continuous and sustainable economic relations in society. I then suggest a precautionary-principle-based macro-prudential approach to financial regulation in order to ensure a sustainable provision of finance and financial stability that is consistent with the characteristics of a money economy.     

基于生态系统服务的风景园林空间与人类 福祉分析框架

作为沟通人与自然的桥梁，风景园林空间在人类福 祉提升中扮演着重要角色。由MA开启的生态系统服务与人类 福祉关系研究日趋完善，近些年生态系统服务理论也逐渐出现 在风景园林学研究中，然而生态系统服务概念框架并不能完全 适用于风景园林对人类福祉影响的研究。基于此问题，首先， 回顾了生态系统服务与人类福祉概念框架研究，以及建立在生 态系统服务理论上的景观相关概念；其次，在梳理多项风景园 林空间对人类福祉影响的实证研究后，归纳出使用者视角的风 景园林空间的3个价值维度，即物理环境、生理活动和心理感 受；最后，基于风景园林-生态环境-人类社会三者空间尺度 耦合，结合生态系统服务与使用者价值维度，总结出适用于多 尺度的风景园林空间与人类福祉综合分析框架。     

Problems with precaution: the transfusion medicine experience

The precautionary principle is a dominant paradigm governing risk-based decision-making. Today, there are increasing pressures to re-examine aggressive precautionary approaches, and to assess how the principle should be applied in the modern system. In this paper, we examined three key applications of precautionary approaches in the field of transfusion medicine to provide insight into the risks and benefits of these approaches. The three case studies examined were the donor deferral policies to safeguard against transfusion transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, variant Creutzfeldt–Jacob disease, and, lastly, xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus. Characterization of precautionary applications was conducted using an embedded case study design. Our findings indicate that transfusion transmission mitigation strategies have become increasingly aggressive in the face of theoretical risks. In contrast, the review processes for implementation and reversal of precautionary policies have been slow, and historical donor deferral policies are still in place today. Application of precautionary approaches has proved challenging with both benefits and pitfalls. In light of emerging threats to the blood system, policy-makers should consider the implementation of frameworks to guide the appropriate application of precaution in transfusion medicine in the future.     

陕西省城镇化与农村居民消费结构互动研究

基于2001—2020年陕西城镇化和农村居民消费面板数据，运用耦合协调度和灰色关联模型对陕西的城镇化与农村居民结构进行“量”和“质”的分析。结果表明：城镇化对农村居民消费结构有较强的正向促进作用，但农村居民消费结构对城镇化反向促进作用相对较弱，综合发展速度较快，其中衣着消费与城镇化发展同步性较差。最后在模型机理分析的基础上对陕西城镇化发展与消费结构改善升级提出相应对策建议。     

张家界旅游城市化与生态系统服务价值耦合研究

城市化与生态系统的协调发展是构建和谐社会的重要基础,对促进地区高质量发展和可持续发展至关重要。本文以典型旅游城市张家界为研究对象,在综合评价2005—2018年张家界旅游城市化水平与生态系统服务价值的基础上,利用耦合协调度模型和灰色关联度模型对两系统间的耦合协调程度及影响因素进行探究。结果表明：（1）在综合发展水平上,旅游城市化水平加速上升,生态系统服务价值在时序上呈先增后减的“倒V型”变化趋势,并在空间上表现为城市中心-外围逐步升高的发展态势。（2）从耦合协调发展水平来看,耦合协调度在研究期内呈倒U型发展趋势,由极度失调转化为优质协调继而又变为轻度失调,两子系统发展不平衡、不稳定。（3）就影响因素而言,旅游城市化系统中的公路旅客周转量、城镇污水处理率和星级酒店数量对耦合系统影响最大,同时生态系统中各服务功能的作用力均较高,旅游城市发展必须将生态保护贯穿始终。     

A retrospective review of the first 35 years of the International Journal of Research in Marketing

The International Journal of Research in Marketing (IJRM) publishes groundbreaking research on a range of topics related to marketing. Academics, scholars, and practitioners value the journal for its original and well-executed content. Using bibliometrics, this study summarizes the journal’s first 35 years in terms of its publication trends, authorship patterns, citation structure, and themes, as well as the clustering of IJRM’s articles published between 1984 and 2018. This study identifies the IJRM’s most influential articles, most prolific contributors and their affiliations, and frequently used keywords and reveals their semantic associations along with factors influencing citations of the IJRM corpus. As the first objective assessment of the journal’s first 35 years, the review also suggests some potential avenues to target future submissions.     

基于算法的BP神经网络的应用研究

BP神经网络的智能化特征与能力使其应用领域日益扩大,潜力日趋明显,许多传统信息处理方法无法解决的问题采用BP神经网络后取得了良好的效果。因此,BP神经网络已被广泛应用于自动化、工程、经济及医学等各个领域。因此,本文重点研究了BP神经网络的原理、算法及其应用。     

《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》第78条利率问题的探究

《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》第78条仅规定了债权人对迟延付款收取利息的一般权利,却未阐述利率的具体确定方法,从而导致在实践中各国不同裁判机构在适用公约78条时产生巨大分歧.这无疑削减了公约的统一价值,成为公约的最大缺漏之一.公约中利率确定方法的缺失是一种法定外缺漏,应首先通过援引公约的一般原则,在公约的框架下得到解决.在仍无法确定具体利率数额时,再适用国际私法的相关规定,一般情况下应以债务人营业地所在国的商业贷款利率作为延期利息的标准.     

基于VM理论的某实物库屋盖结构设计

文章阐述了基于VM理论的大跨度屋盖优选原理,并进行了实证分析,为大跨度屋盖结构设计方案优选提供了一种新的思路。